American National Identity And National Parks History Essay

the Statesn interior(a) Identity And content greennesss History EssayNatural personal personal identity can be scarcely delimitate as the somebodys sense of belonging to a nation. It is the thread that binds the citizens of a fractureicular nation in concert and gives them the pride of belonging to the ara. According to Smith case identity serves trey important functions it provides an answer to the headache of personal oblivion d maven identification with a nation since the nation is far greater and stronger than the individual is this your language? subject field identity offers the individual personal re saucilyal and self-worth by being a sh ar of a super family politic altogethery and thirdly it promotes the realization of fraternity feelings more(prenominal) so through the use of goods and services of symbols and ceremony1. Remember punctuation inside of none upshots Make sure you re whollyy extract or quote directly. This seems non worry your language.E very nation somewhat the world has its main discipline identity. For some, it could be talking the same language as it happens in or so European countries where nations be defined by their language such as France for the French speakers, Spain for the Spanish speakers, Portugal for the Portuguese speakers among an new(prenominal)(prenominal)s. awk and un percipient In other countries case identity is defined by ethnic composition for example Slovakia for the Slovaks, Albania for the Albanians and Armenia for the Armenians. In other countries field of study identity is defined by religion such as in the Muslim countries and in Israel. I think this is graceful simplistic case identity is much more complicated than this America however is unique because it is a mixture of each(prenominal). The Americans cannot be judged by race because all races are represented, neither by language because nearly all major languages are represented, neither by culture because America is a bo iling melting? stomach of all major cultures nor by religion because all major world religions are represented in America by a substantial number2. awk is this a rase you are making or one that someone else has do that you are utilize. Make that clear.Americans often face the great task of establishing depicted object identity for themselves. think about that contrasting types of subject identity coexist there are battles in all countries about what constitutes Britishness or Americanness or Frenchness. Maybe its more complicated in the US, further Im not sure, but I dont think American are unique in having to choose among different ideas of the nation which are presented in a variety of elbow rooms Because of the importance of temperament to American self-identity, you imply to show this, not preserve it environmentalism questions keep up always tended to take on ideological and bailiwick significance. Preservation of infixed s dance steps in America has involved b oth the creation of an alter indigenous cultural space for the nation and creation of America as a nation3. unclear Americans make in national position a unifying factor a national identity that is to America what culture culture is a vague term here is to Europe. Therefore national super acid are central to Americas national identity. This paper is going to evaluate the relationship that exists betwixt Americas national identity and national place. The paper concludes that national put are the national identity of the United States of America. National lay utter a certain aspect of the national identity of the US? To say they are eq may be stretching it . . .The jump national putting green in the world was naturalised in 18724. This is Yeldepressionstone National Park. Yellowstone National Park became the source large scale wilderness conservation in the touch on of the public and more so the generations to come. The rest of the world learnt the idea of national set lands from America. Each country launched its own version of parks but the American model was the one that was largely used. To Americans, wilderness is not only idea but rather it is the objective of m both another(prenominal) who are seeking outdoor unskilled activities. clarify According to Roderick Nashi, wilderness is a state of mind the feeling of being far from civilization, from the environment that earth have polluted.5Natural vote downscapes which form the national parks are fundamental subjects in the makeing of national identity. This is so because nature as opposed to culture has increasingly rick a source of national identity. National identity therefore can be seen as a heritage of nature. You need to create these connections clearer maybe talk about the issue of the frontier thesis?According to Howard and Graham6, the role of the natural landscapes in shaping national identity is increased by the fundamental link between ideas of the national, the native and the natural in which the prefix nat refers to a notion of birthing. Howard and Graham argue that the nation is therefore logically made up of the natives who have been born(p) as a community of nature that gives the nation its commonplace identity. Cite and make sure this is your language.A large number of national songs sing in valuate of the nations natural landscape, for example America the Beautiful which celebrates Americas purple mountain which stands majestically in a higher place the plains and stretching from sea to sea7. There are as well as a great number of museums and theatres that are decorated using landscape images of natural scenes. Such as?You need to set up a more imperious organization at the outset here introduction with your thesis historiography how have historians written about national parks and then perhaps background. Right now I feel like you are jump around a bit too much.When the European settlers arrived from Europe they settled in the easte rn shores of what would become the United States. However with clock time the population grew rapidly and with it came the need to push further west. This led the settlers into what was referred to as the Wild West. The settlers portray the Wild West as an state that had not been occupied, though we know that the native-born Indians occupied the champaign. By so doing the settlers saw themselves as a impudent nation in which different the great unwashed from diverse nationalities were reborn as one nation in the wild nature of the new continent. CitationsThe importance of the Wild West in the narrative of the U.S cannot be everyplaceemphasized. Many Americans identified themselves as Americans from having been born in the continents Wild nature. Can you show this with primary sources? Due to the importance of the wild nature in rebirth of the U.S ? it became essential to conserve part of the wilderness undisturbed in order to act like a reminder of the countrys rebirth. could be clearer This need acted as the ideological basis for forming national parks in the 1880s. The national parks were started in large realms with wild nature. The aim was to preserve these areas for future generations. CitationsThe national parks exist to protect salient natural areas from threat of human destruction through political sociable and economic development. This preserves the wilderness as it was when the European settlers took possession of the land. Indeed it is this wilderness that defined Americas national identity from the time the nation was established8. you need to SHOW this through analysis -not assert it bodily structure of the American national identity is rooted deeply in nature that the two are inseparable. Awk This is in contrast to European nations, whose national identity is derived from sharing a common language, ethnic or racial heritage, religion or cultural history. America is a nation of diverse languages, diverse ethnic groups, of all races race , with virtually every religion represented and of a people with diverse cultural background9. repetitious Race, language, ethnic group, religion and culture could not therefore be the American national identity. Americans found a rallying call in nature, in exploring the wilderness in the west and when much of it was getting depleted, the regimen started the idea of national parks aimed at protecting large swathes of the untamed wilderness for future generations. This gets repetitive youve made all these points in different places already.The national park concept has been said to be the al about successful idea yet conceived in the guard of the environment.who said this? It is an American idea that spread around the globe10. The national parks were started to preserve natural and cultural heritage. Americans were particularly concerned about saving of the natural environment for the sake of those who would want to vacation outdoors. Nature and sceneries were to be protected for the enjoyment of all human beings. In these wildernesses, people would find a serene atmosphere to relax away from the contaminant that civilization engineered. Connect these themes to national identity a way for Americans to experience their land? Seeing the accredited America rather than the cities?The Wild West had been largely cleared by settlers and conservationists realized that unless action was taken, the consentient land would be taken over by civilization denying future generations a chance of culture the history of their founding further or the culture. unclear Therefore preservationist and conservationist started creating awareness of the need to set divagation large portions of the remaining wilderness. This process did not gain momentum until the latter half of the 19th century. From thus the first national park was established in 1872 with others following albeit at a slow pace11. repetitiveNot all the areas that were designated as national parks were with out human habitation some areas were already live by either the Native Indians or by light settlers alike called frontier farmers. When the boundaries of the national parks were drawn, some of these groups met themselves ? inside the area that had been demarcated as a national park. The federal authorities had then to affect them out. With some resisting to be taken out of what was their rightful possession, the Federal government was ferocityd to apply force in removing them. awk This resulted in long standing grudges between the communities that were forcibly removed from the designated parks and the government12.In Yellowstone national park, for example, the Indians were forcibly relocated. This caused long standing grudge between the federal government and the Indians and between the Indians and the white population whom they viewed as the government. The Indians responded by firing at tourists who visited the park. Tourists visiting the park had to do so under protection from security agencies13. The sheepherders and lumbermen had to look for new ways to feed their families. The activities that were legal, the source of livelihood that they had lived on and not only them but the generations of descendants back there was declared illegal and refused. This was of course. Youve got good secondary sources Im postponement to see what you do with the primary sources.To these Indians and frontier whites whose farms were taken away as part of parks, they would not understand how the same thing that they were living on in the days gone by could now be declared illegal. Awk The lives of the Indians were shattered. This is because their way of life had been interrupted and declared illegal henceforth. Hunting and fishing, that had always been part of their lives was termed as poaching while foraging would now be termed as trespass both of them now acts guilty by law. Cite. Examples? The deep-seated anger this action brought to the Indians is manifest today . roughly Native Indians that like the Blackfeet, representing about on, have running cases against Glacier national park. They are demanding recognition according to 1895 legislation14. Awk and you cite a source from 1901, so Im not sure how this reflects feelings of today.Obsession with pristine and uninhabited wilderness provided many misconstrued ideas and facts that led to brutal confrontations between those for conservation and preservation and those trying to provide a decent meal for them and their children. unclearThe National Park serve up Act of 1916 established the dogma for park management, the chief policy for philosophy, policies and decision-making15. And? What do you want to say in this paragraph?The use of national parks as a symbol of national identity is found on two-fold role in reinforcing national identity the national park system helps to passively express that national identity and to passively transmit it. Im not sure what this means. The national parks are an entire part of American life. Their use is extensive they are used in post cards, in figure movies, depict and symbolize what America is16. Yes The initial impetus for starting the national parks system was the propensity to have a unique national identity. Was that stated explicity? Sources? Preservation of the best scenic sites in the U.S was seen as what would create a differentiation between the United States and the European Countries. Parks would be a way for the young United States to compete with European countries which already had established national identities based of their cultures that they had build over thousands of years. The chancers nature of the American people and their love for the wild would also blend well with national parks as a national symbol. Parks express the American identity. In addition to expressing the goals shared by society, parks play a major role in transmitting those values to the society at large and members of the national communi ty17. I think all these points are interesting but you are essentially repeating the same things, and you havent illustrated your points with supporting evidence from primary sources.National parks are created through a political process and may even reflect the political thought of the day. Having realized the political dimension involved the establishment of national parks conservationists have devised ways of engaging politicians in nature conservation. When? The relationship between politics and national parks is further demonstrated in the construction of nation-states, more so the evolution of national identity. Totally unclear Identity development involves the mobilization of images, myths and so on18. is this your language? The concept of wilderness was central in the evolution of American identity, with Yellowstone National Park representing American cultural iconography while at the same time creating confidence among the members of the public in the industrializing natio n19.watch language A common political concept of national parks has developed in the area of national identity. undecipherable This is not a surprise because earlier concepts of national parks have been permeated with nationalist aspirations. The American landscape, in fact, emerged as a strong source of national identity construction20. This paragraph is unclear to me, and it also repeats points youve made earlier.The appropriation of national parks as an American national symbol, like all other nationalism, was exclusionary. Native Americans were not included in a nationalism that had been established on the very land they occupied. In that sense, Yellowstone National Park was symbolic of a nation that was divided between the settlers and the natives. Interesting point Beinart and Coates argue that Americans attempted to create national identity out of natural grandeur because the United States found it difficult to compete with Europe in high cultural stakes. Youve said this. Ci tation?To get a deeper insight into the relationship between America national identity and national parks, it is important to pay approximate attention to a number of parks. This is not a paragraph.Yellowstone national park is the first national park in the world. By next year, the park pull up stakes be celebrating its 140 years. The park measures 2.2million acres21. The area was sparsely populated at the time of starting the park but the government had an oversight that of how things will be in future. unclear Inside the designated area there was human settlings mostly made up of Native Indians and a few Frontier farmers. Youve said this already The government acquired all surreptitious land within the demarcated area and evacuated the people. The Native Indians having lived in this area did not welcome the relocation. However the government ensured they do. ? This left the Indians bitter. To revenge the Indians continued hunting in the protected area as if unaware the new chan ge of status. They also attacked the tourist who came to visit. This prompted the government to send the Calvary troops there in 1886 to damp poaching and to protect the tourist22. The Calvary soldiers went to Yellowstone and built Fort Yellowstone where they stayed until 1916 when the National Park Service (NPS) was established through the Organic Act of 1916. Youve said much of this already. Please combine the same points in one area of the paper.Yellowstone was used by the 19th century American Indian belonging to the Crow, Blackfoot, Shoshone and Bannock tribes23. unclear Some continued to live in the park even after it was designated. However in 1877 there were troubles which occasioned three hundred deaths. The Indians were forcibly removed to the Wind River Reservation. The Calvary soldiers were brought in and they protected the park between 1886 and 1918. basically repetitive The removal of Indians follows a pattern of their removal from their farmlands to give way for set tler farmers only that this time they were removed to provide vacation sites for tourists majority of them who were whites. Were the parks explicitly established for tourism? You need to plant in primary sources to discuss this. The African Americans and the Latinos did not go to the national parks often because they did not find them welcoming24. When? sources?Yellowstone is home to over 1100 structures associated with Euro-American occupation and management of the park. The legacy of early civilian and the States administration and the history of concessions in national parks are preserved. ? Some of the historic landmarks are angle Bridge Trailside Museum, Madison Junction Trailside Museum, Obsidian drop curtain, Northeast Entrance Station, Norris Geyser Basin Trailside Museum and Old Faithful Inn. why do you need to list these? The park has four National Historic Districts Lake Fish Hatchery, Mammoth intent Springs, Old Faithful and Roosevelt Lodge. The park is also home to five National Historic Sites Lake Hotel, Lamar Buffalo Ranch, Obsidian Cliff Kiosk, Queens Laundry Bath House and the U.S Post Office at Mammoth Hot Springs. The park is also home to 200,000 natural and cultural objects including artwork, ethnographic and archeological artifacts25. Im not sure why you need this paragraph.A substantial history of the United States is kept in the national parks. These are central to the national identity of the nation. How? What is the history that is preserved there? As seen above the history of Yellowstone national park is almost intertwined with the history of the United States to the extent that the nation can be seen through the park. But you havent illustrated this with primary sources. Its a good point, but you need to demonstrate it, not assert it.Glacier National Park with its many peaks, clear waters, and glacial curved mountains reflects Americas identity. As previously mentioned, Americas national identity is defined by her landscape the most spectacular being protected in national parks. Awk Throughout history, people visited Glacier National Park for the adventure it provides. Evidence of human habitation in this area goes back to 10,000 years ago. By the time of Europeans arrival, the area was inhabited by Native Indians of the Blackfeet, Salish and Kootenai tribes. They travelled to the mountains to hunt various kinds of game that were available in this place. Citations? import?The Europeans were attracted to the area primarily for economic gain. Some came as explorers, others as miners and eventually the settlers arrived. The Great Northern railway line reached Montana in 1891 and from thence great number of people flocked to the area attracted by prospects of mining and other economic activities26. Around the turn of the century, people began to look at Montana region as an area that was suitable for something more than farming or mining. They recognized that the area was exceptionally beautiful in point of reference to the landscape. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, influential leader led by George Grill began pushing for the establishment of a national park. Their desire was granted in 1910 when President Taft signed into law the bill establishing Glacier as the tenth national park27. But why is this significant in terms of your argument?The park has many historic buildings that are listed by the National Register of Historic Places. The park is home to 375 historic properties including sextette that are designated as National Historic Landmarks. The parks museum houses around 6,000 items related to its natural and cultural history28. These historic properties tell the history of the United States. What history do they communicate? Glacier as a national park is therefore related to the national identity of the United States because it is home to some of the most iconic landscape in North America. You cant just state this. . . .Yosemite is one of the United States most kn own National Parks. It largely covers the eastern split of Tuolumne, Madera and Mariposa counties of calcium and covers an area of 761,268 acres29. The national park is governed by National Park Service and is recognized worldwide for its clear streams, groves, granite cliffs, waterfalls and its biological diversity. The park has a range of 648 to 3,997 meters above sea level and is divided into five major vegetation zones chaparral/ oak woodland, lower montane, upper montane, subalpine and alpine. There are more than 160 rare plants in the park. to the highest degree of the landforms in Yosemite are cut from the granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada Batholiths. About 5% of the parks landforms are metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rock. The valleys, canyons, domes and other features seen in the park were formed as a result of erosion acting upon different types of uplift-created joints. Citations? Significance?Yosemites most outstanding features include the tunnel view, which i s the most visited area and also the most photographed a prominent granite cliff that looms over the valley, the El Captain, which is has diverse range of climbing routes and full-yearly availability thus making it the most popular rock climbing destination in the world. The high parts of Yosemite contain spectacular areas such as Dana meadows, Tuolumne meadows, the Clark range, the Cathedral Range and the Kuna crest. In addition, the park has three groves of ancient Giant Sequoia trees, the Mariposa plantation, the Tuolumne Grove and the Merced Grove. These tree species grow larger in volume than any other and is one of the tallest and longest lived. Citations? I just found some of this information on a website, and you are not citing . . .Yosemite falls under a Mediterranean climate with mean daily temperatures ranging from 25 to 53 degrees Fahrenheit. Most precipitation occurs during the mild overwinter, and the remaining seasons stay almost dry. Snow accumulates all winter an d into March and April. It however does not persist on the ground until November in the high country. At areas above 8,000 feet, the hot and dry temperatures are moderated by ghost thunderstorms, during summer, along with snow in July. This combination of low relative humidity, dry vegetation and thunderstorms results in frequent lightning-caused fires30.The park contains about 3200 lakes, two reservoirs and 1,700 miles of streams. Landforms in the park have been created as a result of hydrologic processes, including glaciations, flooding and fluvial geomorphic response. Yosemite is popular for its high concentration of waterfalls in a small area. These include Yosemite falls and Ribbon falls both found in the Yosemite valley, bridal veil fall that is seen from the Tunnel View viewpoint and Wapama Falls in Hetch Hetchy Valley31.Paiute and Sierra Miwok are the people who lived in Yosemite area long before the whites explored into the region. The Ahwahneechee, who were Native Ameri cans, lived in Yosemite Valley when the first unconnected people entered .White travel increased in the area in the mid-19th century due to the California coin Rush32. Jim Savage of the States Army led the Mariposa Battalion in 1851 to the west end of Yosemite Valley in while pursuing around 200 Ahwahneechees led by Chief Tenaya as part of Mariposa wars. Chief Tenaya founded the Pai-Ute colony of Ah-wa-nee. The Miwoks, most white settlers, saw the Ahwahneechee as violent owing to frequent territorial disputes. Tenaya and all the Ahwahneechee were later captured and their village burned they were moved to a reservation in California near Fresno33.When some were later allowed to return to Yosemite Valley, they attacked a group of gold miners, which got them into trouble. They flew to the east and sought guard with the glandular fever tribe at Mono Lake but were tracked down and most killed by Mono Paiutes after they stole some of their hosts horses in 1853.Chief Tenaya was killed in the attack and survivors were taken back to Mono Lake and they were take up into Mono Lake Paiute tribe. An Indian Village of Ahwanhee was reconstructed and is located behind the Yosemite Museum next to Yosemite Valley34.In 1855, pack Masons Hutchings, an entrepreneur and artist Thomas Ayers toured the Yosemite Valley area. They created articles and magazine issues about Yosemite Valley thus responsible for most of the earliest promotion about Yosemite35. Wawona was an Indian encampment, now in the southwestern part of the park. Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoia was discovered Galen Clark, a settler. Simple lodgings and roads were built in the area. The number of trails and hotels increased as tourism increased. Prominent citizens including Galen Clark and Senator John Conness, concerned by the effects of commercial interests, advocated for protection of the area. A park bill was passed by both houses of the U.S congress and was signed by President Abraham capital of Nebraska on June 30, 1864, creating the Yosemite Grant. The park was to be set aside specifically for public use and thereby creating the first national park.It is believed that man lived in the Rocky Mountains about 10,000 years ago. The Utes lived in the mountains of West Colorado. As the Arapaho, who were plains Indians who came to the Estes Park frequently in summer to hunt, migrated westwards the Americans moved out from Appalachian36. With the arrival of Americans, Indians avoided Estes Park and disdainful Lake area. Rufus Sage is the first American to have visited the region. He spent three years exploring the Rockies. Joel Estes, a Kentuckian, was the first settler. He brought his family in 1859 and eventually settled as a farmer near Fort Lupton. A few homes were set up in the upper Colorado Valley in 1879 and by 1880 people moved in to apricot city where some gold discoveries had been made. A few homes were set up in the upper Colorado Valley in 1879 and by 1880 people moved in to L ulu city where some gold discoveries had been made37. In 1883 the town was deserted. As a result of publicity and political pressure, a bill was passed in 1915 and signed by President Wilson to establish the Rocky Mountains National Park the Parks dedication was conducted in September 4, 19